Home / Personalities / Muhammad Abduh
Grand Mufti of Egypt and father of Islamic modernism, Abduh argued for reinterpreting Islam through reason (ijtihad), reformed teaching at Al-Azhar and the religious courts, and opposed both clerical stagnation and British rule.
Political axes
Muhammad Abduh leans further toward religious than 93% of the 645 personalities in the catalog.
Of all the axes, Religion is where Muhammad Abduh stands furthest from the rest.
On Control, Muhammad Abduh sits practically at the catalog median.
Here they share common ground with most personalities.
Ideological proximity
The closest among the 273 ideologies
Conservative tradition that accepts social reforms and protection for the poorest to preserve national cohesion, seeing elites as responsible for the people's welfare and for harmony between classes.
Current reconciling Islam with electoral democracy through conservative religious parties that run in elections and support a market economy and Muslim values in public life, like Turkey's early AKP and Tunisia's Ennahda.
Political movement advocating a state governed by sharia and Islamic identity, born with Hassan al-Banna's and Sayyid Qutb's Muslim Brotherhood, combining mass activism, religious social welfare and rejection of Western secularism.
The most distant ideology
Crypto-AnarchismLibertarian39%
Iraq's top Shia authority, Grand Ayatollah Sistani upholds the quietist tradition, rejects Tehran's rule of the jurist, demanded direct elections in 2004, calls for weapons only in the state's hands and rarely but decisively intervenes in politics.
Also close, by dimension
Other similar profiles
Furthest from Muhammad Abduh
An elective federal monarchy in Southeast Asia, Malaysia combines democracy, a multiethnic society, Islam as the official religion, and a state-directed market economy, with affirmative action policies for Malays.
Also close, by dimension
Furthest from Muhammad Abduh
Under Hugo Chávez, from 1999 to 2013, Venezuela lived '21st-century socialism', with a new constitution, oil-funded social programs, nationalizations, currency and price controls, deep polarization, confrontation with the United States and power concentrated in the president.
Also close, by dimension
Furthest from Muhammad Abduh
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